Rédaction Africa Links 24 with Daily Nation
Published on 2024-02-17 21:00:00
The International Mother Language Day is a globally observed event on February 21 that aims to raise awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and promote multilingualism. This year’s theme is ‘Multilingual education, a pillar of learning.’ Recognized by Unesco since 1999, the day is an annual tradition with a focus on celebrating all mother tongues worldwide.
Language, particularly our first (mother) language, plays a crucial role in our socialization and can shape our perception of the world. It is through mastery of this first language that basic skills such as reading, writing, and numeracy are best acquired. Despite the importance of mother languages, Unesco reports that around 40 percent of the global population does not have access to education in a language they can understand or speak.
Research studies have shown that a strong foundation in the first language (vernacular) is beneficial when learning a second language. This ‘additive bilingualism’ model, where the first language is used as a tool for learning additional skills and subjects, has been proven to be more effective than ‘subtractive bilingualism.’ However, many educational systems, including Kenya’s, often replace mother language skills instead of incorporating them into the learning process.
Studies in linguistics and cognitive science also reveal that cognitive and intellectual development occurs more rapidly in individuals who are fluent in their mother language. It is easier for them to master a new language if they have a solid grasp of their first language. Therefore, mother languages can and should be utilized as effective tools for learning.
In Kenya, there is a reluctance to use mother languages beyond the first three years of primary school, despite the educational and cognitive benefits they offer. Kenyan teachers in rural settings often incorporate mother languages surreptitiously due to policies against their use beyond a certain grade level.
Mother languages are essential components of quality education in a multilingual approach. Policymakers should focus on enhancing inclusivity by providing teaching materials in various languages and promoting the hiring and training of teachers from linguistic and ethnic minorities to serve in their communities’ schools.
Furthermore, Kenyan universities and institutions can contribute to the preservation and promotion of mother languages by producing grammars, textbooks, dictionaries, and translations, while also incorporating them into academic departments and curriculum.
It is vital for Kenyans to have access to education in their first languages and to be able to express themselves and use their mother language skills in appropriate settings. The importance of mother languages in Kenya has grown significantly in recent years, with the rise of vernacular radio stations, TV programming, and opportunities for commercial success using mother languages.
To celebrate International Mother Language Day, Kenyatta University organizes various performances, language games, and displays showcasing the rich diversity of mother languages represented among the student body. This year’s spotlight at the university is on African Persian linguistic and cultural ties, highlighting the historical contact and co-existence between the Shiraz community of present-day Iran and the Swahili communities of the northern coast of East Africa.
The recognition and celebration of mother languages are crucial for preserving cultural heritage, promoting inclusivity, and fostering a rich and diverse educational environment. By embracing and incorporating mother languages into education and daily life, societies can benefit from the cognitive and social advantages they offer.
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