Rédaction Africa Links 24 with Dishon Muloi, Research scientist, International Livestock Research Institute
Published on 2024-02-21 13:13:29
Farmers often use antibiotics to maintain the health of their livestock, often using them as a quick fix to avoid more costly management measures such as regular disinfection, waste management, routine vaccination, or provision of clean drinking water. Animal husbandry currently accounts for about two-thirds of the global consumption of antibiotics, and with the growth of livestock and fish production, the consumption of antibiotics is projected to increase by 67% by 2030.
The overuse of antibiotics in food animal production can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This can be transmitted to humans through food or environmental exposure, resulting in some antibiotics becoming ineffective in treating human infections. Antibiotic-resistant infections are responsible for an estimated 4.95 million deaths globally every year, with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 22% of these deaths.
Similarly, animals can also become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, leading to infections that are difficult or impossible to treat. A study focusing on the central Kenyan highlands revealed improper antibiotic use on smallholder dairy farms and the presence of substandard or counterfeit antibiotics, with traces of some antibiotics found in milk, posing health risks to both people and animals.
The data collected from dairy farms and veterinary drug stores showed that antibiotics were being used to treat and prevent infections, with most obtained through animal health service providers. Improper or excessive use of antibiotics in dairy farming can lead to economic losses for farmers, as well as the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The study also identified the presence of nine antibiotics in milk, with three samples exceeding global standards. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk can pose health risks to consumers and lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Furthermore, the quality of antibiotics available in veterinary drug stores was examined, and it was found that almost 44% of the antibiotics tested were of poor quality. This underscores the need for stricter regulation of antibiotic sales, improved veterinary oversight, and education of farmers about the risks of antibiotic misuse.
The study recommends steps for policymakers to consider, including strengthening regulations around antibiotic use in livestock, enhancing surveillance and monitoring systems for antibiotic residues in milk, improving the quality control of antibiotics sold in veterinary drug stores, educating farmers about responsible antibiotic use, and promoting better animal husbandry practices to reduce reliance on antibiotics. These measures are essential for ensuring the health and productivity of livestock and for safeguarding public health.
